They also show possible evidence of dust formation through a decrease in the red wing of Hα 75–100 days past maximum brightness.
The spectra of all ~20 known SNe Ia-CSM are dominated by Hα emission (with widths of ~2000 km s−1) and exhibit large Hα/Hβ intensity ratios moreover, they have an almost complete lack of He I emission (see left panel of Figure 1). This well-studied object solidified the connection between SNe Ia-CSM and more typical SNe Ia, despite their spectral similarity to Type IIn SNe (which likely come from massive star progenitors, as opposed to the white dwarf progenitors for the SNe Ia-CSM). PTF11kx began life as a SN Ia, but after a month it began to show indications of significant interaction with its CSM. AbstractA rare subclass of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) shows evidence of strong interaction with a hydrogen-rich circumstellar medium (CSM) these objects are referred to as SNe Ia-CSM.
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